New Insights into the Neural Basis of Human Cooperation
Collaboration and cooperation are essential elements of human social behavior, helping individuals achieve shared goals more effectively. Although psychology and neuroscience studies have explored cooperative behaviors, the intricate connection between these behaviors and their neural mechanisms remains unclear.
A research team led by Dr. Yina Ma at Beijing Normal University aimed to deepen understanding of the neural foundations of human cooperation. Their study, published in Nature Neuroscience, identifies distinct neurocognitive profiles for different phases of cooperation, utilizing a combination of behavioral tasks and intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG).
"Our lab has long been interested in how human brains interact in social contexts like collective decision-making, intergroup conflict, and cooperation," said Jiaxin Wang, co-first author of the study, in an interview with Medical Xpress.
"One key phenomenon in social interaction is inter-brain neural synchronization, where brain activities become correlated. However, traditional studies that use discrete decision tasks and non-invasive recording techniques have limited our ability to understand real-time cooperation."
To investigate this further, Dr. Ma, Wang, and their team designed a new cooperation task combined with iEEG recordings. The task, inspired by a "three-legged" race, required pairs of participants to guide avatars toward each other, connect, and maintain their connection to reach the finish line. This setup allowed the researchers to observe and distinguish different states of cooperation in a more naturalistic environment.
The team recruited epilepsy patients who had electrodes implanted in their brains for medical treatment. While playing the game, their brain activity in two critical regions—the amygdala and temporoparietal junction (TPJ)—was recorded. The researchers analyzed the neural data alongside behavioral data from the task to uncover the neural mechanisms of cooperation.
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The study revealed two distinct cooperation states: initiation and maintenance, each characterized by unique social motives and neural dynamics. The researchers also found pioneering evidence of neural synchronization at the neuronal population level in humans. Notably, the level of synchronization between neurons in different brain regions was linked to the quality of cooperation between the participants.
"Our findings provide a detailed understanding of the dynamics of human cooperation," said Wang. "This study introduces a new paradigm and analysis approach, shedding light on the neural processes involved in cooperation."